Traditionally, Parker servo drives work with permanent magnet motors for applications that require precise speed or position control. One of the defining characteristics of servo systems is that they use feedback to achieve precision and accuracy. The servo drive system is able to accelerate and decelerate quickly and can follow a precise path of motion, whether point-to-point or defined contours.

On the other hand, VFDS are paired with induction motors for applications where speed control is required. A defining feature of VFD systems is that they can control speed by adjusting the frequency of the voltage sent to the motor. That's where they get their name, by the way - VFD stands for Variable frequency Drive. Another important point is that they don't use feedback on the motor, so the speed control is open-loop. This means that if there is a stall or load change, the VFD will not compensate, resulting in less precise speed control than the servo system. The VFD can be set to accelerate to a given speed and then drive at the same speed for a long time.

As with many engineering decisions, there are no hard and fast rules, and there are plenty of examples showing that servo drives and VFDS have capabilities beyond their traditional role. For example, due to advances in technology and the need to provide more functionality, it is now not difficult to find servo drives that can power induction motors - with or without feedback. Similarly, there are many VFDS that can also power induction motors with feedback (induction motors with feedback are often called closed-loop vector motors or CLVS).

The result is an area of functional overlap between the servo drive and the VFD.

In most cases, it is obvious which one to choose based on the needs of the application, but when both can get the job done, the choice becomes uncertain. We'll start with the simple case and then talk about what happens when both are right.

When coordinated movement between multiple axes is required, servo drives are definitely the choice for applications such as robotic arms. Or when rapid acceleration and deceleration are required, such as using pick-and-place gantries. Or when precise speed control is needed to grow silicon ingot, or when semiconductor applications require precise submicron positioning.

When the speed needs to be set to a specific speed, the VFD is the obvious choice for a conveyor belt. Or with hydraulic pumps and blowers. Or for some electric cars that don't require precise control.

The middle ground is when both parties can get the job done. Examples include speed mode and position mode applications, where the accuracy of the servo system would be considered somewhat loose, but within the capabilities of the VFD.

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