SMCmanometerThe gauges vary depending on where they are used and come in different sizes, styles and materials designed to suit specific applications. Pressure gauges can be classified and defined in a variety of ways, including by application, medium, and method used to measure pressure.

The pressure is determined by the vertical force applied on each unit surface area, and this calculation is determined by using different techniques and methods. The correct measurement of pressure depends on the reference against which the pressure reading is taken. Pressure gauges are divided into static and mechanical.

Absolute pressure gauge

Absolute pressure gauges are used to measure pressure that is not affected by natural fluctuations in atmospheric pressure. The reference vacuum is attached to one side of the measuring element and is not subject to pressure; It has zero pressure, no change. The diaphragm separates the medium chamber from the vacuum chamber and deforms into the vacuum chamber as the pressure rises. Deformation and variation are converted to pressure values. Unlike other pressure gauges, absolute pressure gauges are not affected by height changes, which makes them ideal for use in aviation, HVAC systems, and distillation processes.

Bellows pressure gauge

The bellows in the pressure gauge are made of thin-walled elastic metal connecting pipes, forming a shape similar to an accordion; This is sealed at the free end of the meter. When pressure is applied, it acts on the free end of the bellows, causing it to expand and create motion. Bellows pressure gauges are very sensitive and are used in low pressure applications. There are two forms of bellows pressure gauge. In one form, pressure is applied to the bellows, causing the balance spring to deform. Another form uses the differential pressure principle, where the bellows are sealed between two chambers of different pressures.

Bourdon tube pressure gauge

Bourdon tube pressure gauges have an elastic tube with one end welded or welded into a socket. The change of pressure will cause the pipe to deform; This is proportional to the pressure applied and sent through the pointer to the rotating gear. Bourdon pressure gauges work on the principle that a bent tube straightens when pressure is applied; This is indicated by a dial or digital reading. Bourdon tube pressure gauges are used to measure gas, steam or fluid pressures up to 1000 bar and down to -1 bar. They have an accuracy of ± 0.1% to ± 2.5% of full scale deflection and are made of brass, stainless steel or Monel nickel alloys.

Capsule pressure gauge

Capsule pressure gauges have two thin concentric corrugated diaphragms that are tightly sealed together around their circumference. One of the membranes has a hole in the center that allows the medium to enter. When pressure is applied, the diaphragm expands or contracts. This shape change produces a rotating motion that appears on the surface of the instrument. Bag-type pressure gauges are used to measure substances up to 600 mbar with an accuracy of ± 1.6% and are specifically designed to measure gas pressure.

Diaphragm pressure gauge

Diaphragm pressure gauges are elastic and will shift when pressure is applied. This gauge works in the same way as Bourdon's, but uses a diaphragm instead of a hose to measure the pressure. A diaphragm placed between the two flanges is used to determine the difference between the applied pressure and the reference pressure. It can measure the pressure of gases, vapors and fluids up to 40 bar to -1 bar. The main purpose of diaphragm pressure gauge is to measure low pressure.

Differential pressure (DP) pressure gauge

A differential pressure gauge measures the difference in pressure in two chambers separated by a component that moves back and forth in response to changes in pressure. The movement of the element causes the pointer on the meter surface to move or provides a digital display reading. One port of the meter is mounted on the high voltage side, while the other port is mounted on the low voltage side, showing the pressure drop on the meter. In some cases, a linear magnetic piston is placed between two pressure chambers, which pull a rotating magnet attached to a meter pointer or digital display. Differential pressure gauges are popular because of their simplicity.

Pressure gauge

Manometer Gauges measure fluid pressure by balancing one column of fluid with another. This type of pressure gauge is the simplest type and consists of a "U" shaped transparent tube partially filled with a pressure measuring fluid such as mercury. In its simplest form, one end of the tube is connected to the location where the pressure is to be measured, while the other end is open to the atmosphere; This can be seen in the figure below.

Manometer pressure gauge

A manometer is a manometer used to measure the medium pressure range of a liquid; It is a simple glass tube with two open ends. One end is connected to a pipe to measure fluid pressure, while the other end is open to the atmosphere. The tubes are connected vertically so that the liquid in the tube can rise up into the tube. The pressure reading is indicated by the height of the fluid in the tube.

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