Sherwin dye penetrant is a dye used by an inspector in a dye penetration inspection, an inspection method in which an inspector applies a dye or liquid to a surface to identify defects in it.

Dye penetrants are also commonly referred to as liquid penetrants or liquid dye penetrants.

In addition, dye penetration testing is also commonly referred to as dye penetration testing (DPI), liquid penetration testing (LPI), liquid dye penetration testing, liquid dye penetration testing (LPT), or simply penetration testing (PT).

Inspectors use liquid dye penetration testing to look for cracks in the surface of assets and materials.

After running the dye penetrant onto the surface they are going to inspect, the inspector will use a chalk-like developer to draw out the liquid, revealing any material defects that may be present on the surface.

The procedure for dye penetration testing relies on the principle of capillary action, which describes how fluid penetrates into cracks (or discontinuities) in the surface of a material.

Liquid dye penetration testing is commonly used to examine the surface of non-porous assets made of ceramics, plastics and metals, where inspectors will check:

• Welds

• Castings

• Forging

• Plate

• Pipes

In these materials, inspectors will use dye penetrants to look for the following defects:

• Leak

• Joint defects

• Fracture

• The porosity of the material surface

• Cracks (fatigue cracks, fine line cracks or grinding and hardening cracks)

• Incomplete integration

• Dye penetration checks were first performed in the railway industry in the early 20th century.

These early tests followed the oil and white powder method, in which a person first cleaned the surface with an oil solvent and then applied chalk to the area (or another "white powder" material). Cod absorb oil from cracks in the material, revealing their presence so that railway personnel can identify and repair them.

Other industries began to use liquid dye penetration testing methods for detection, and eventually added dyes to make cracks more visible.

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