BURKERTSolenoid valveIt is an on/off electromechanical operation valve composed of an electromagnetic actuator (solenoid) and a valve body. The solenoid plunger assembly is the valve actuator responsible for opening and closing the valve. The actuator may be arranged in such a way that the plunger action can only be opened or closed. There is no middle or intermediate position, so the solenoid cannot be throttled. The valve body consists of pressure components in contact with the process fluid.

Solenoids convert electrical energy into mechanical pull/push action. It consists of a coil tightly wound around an iron core and a ferromagnetic plug or plunger. Components vary by design. When an electric current passes through the coil, it creates a magnetic field. Magnetic field lines can be thought of as a series of circles directed by the current axis. If the current flows along the loop, the circles combine to form a magnetic field as shown below.

Adding more loops will increase the magnetic field lines or magnetic flux. This increases the solenoid's electromagnetic force, which also means more force to drive the valve.

Another way to increase the attraction is to increase the current flow through the coil. This is done by increasing the supply voltage into the solenoid. Solenoid valves can be operated using DC or AC. Common DC voltages are 6, 12, 24, and 240 volts; Ac at 60Hz is 24, 120, 240 and 480 volts.

Proportional solenoid valve

A proportional solenoid valve is a special type of solenoid valve that provides smooth and continuous flow or pressure changes based on electrical input. This type can be classified as a control valve. In order for the solenoid valve to become a proportional valve, the plunger position must be controlled. It is achieved by balancing the plunger with external forces normally generated by the spring. The spring will compress until the external force equals the electromagnetic force of the solenoid. If the position of the plunger must be controlled, the current must be changed, resulting in an imbalance of forces on the spring. The spring will compress or stretch until a force balance is established.

One problem with this type is the effect of friction. Friction can disrupt the smooth balance of electromagnetic and spring forces. To counteract this effect, special electronic controls are used. A common method used for the proportional control characteristics of solenoid valves is pulse width modulation or PWM. Using the PWM signal as the control input causes the solenoid to power on and off continuously at a very fast rate. This keeps the plunger in an oscillating state, thus keeping the plunger in a stable position. To change the plunger position. The on and off state of the solenoid (also known as duty cycle) is controlled.

Unlike ordinary on/off solenoid valves, proportional solenoid valves are used in applications that require automatic flow control, such as proportional pneumatic actuators, throttle valves, burner control, etc.

Solenoid valves can be divided into two main parts: solenoid valve and body. Solenoids are just one of many kinds of actuators such as manual, pneumatic, hydraulic, etc. Depending on the type of action required, solenoids have different parts. On the other hand, the body parts of each valve are the same, but the design and materials are different. Listed below are general solenoid valve and body assemblies.

coil

The coil is one of the main components of the solenoid, consisting of an insulated copper wire tightly wound on the core tube. As mentioned earlier, a magnetic field is generated when an electric current is applied.

nuclear

The iron core, also known as the armature or plunger, is the moving part of the solenoid. It's a soft magnetic metal; Soft refers to ferromagnetic metals that are easily magnetized and demagnetized at low magnetic fields. When the coil is energized to generate a magnetic field, the magnetic core is attracted, which opens or closes the valve.

Core spring

When the magnetic field is removed, the core spring returns the core to its original position. The design and configuration of the core spring in the solenoid assembly varies with valve operation. In some designs, such as a latching solenoid valve, it does not use a spring to generate a return action.

Core tube

The core tube is where the coil is wound. This also acts as a soft core, increasing the magnetic flux produced by the coil.

Fixed core

It is installed at the closed end of the core tube, which also improves the magnetic flux. The material is also a soft magnetic metal.

diaphragm

The diaphragm is a flexible material that isolates the solenoid assembly from the fluid. The diaphragm is designed to hold the pressure of the fluid.

dry

The stem is the part of the valve that connects the spool or plunger. When the magnetic core is attracted to the coil, the stem moves accordingly, thus driving the valve.

Optical disk

When the valve is closed, the disc stops the flow of fluid. In some solenoid valve designs, a diaphragm, bellows, or clamp device is used instead of the disc to stop the flow of fluid. Depending on the application, the disc is usually made of corrosion-resistant and erosion-resistant materials, such as teflon or stainless steel.

seat

The seat is the opening that presses on the disc when the valve is closed. As with the disc, the seat may not be present, depending on the valve design. The seat is also made of corrosion-resistant and erosion-resistant materials. Once the seat or disc is damaged, the valve will change to a pass state and cannot stop the flow.

seal

The seal, like the diaphragm, isolates the solenoid assembly and the external environment from the fluid. Depending on the application and process fluid, a variety of sealing materials are available, such as PTFE, FKM, NBR and EPDM.

bonnet

The valve cover is located on top of the valve body. The core tube and stem extend through the valve cover and into the valve.

body

The valve body is the main part of the valve, which is equipped with a diaphragm, valve disc, seat and inlet and outlet.

Discharge outlet

For indirect or semi-direct acting solenoid valves, a discharge hole is installed on the diaphragm. Some valve designs use balance holes. The drain hole allows the valve to open or close using line pressure.

Pilot frequency channel

For indirect acting solenoid valves, the pilot channel is included in the valve body. This is where fluid flows from the top of the diaphragm into the downstream side of the valve.

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