The spring springs up

When one end of the coil spring rests on a rigid support and the other end is suddenly loaded, the coil will not deflector evenly because it takes time for tension to travel along the spring wire. The coil at the end of the spring in contact with the applied load first absorbs all the deflection and then transfers most of the deflection to the adjacent coil. The compression wave is propagated through the coil to the support end and then reflected to the deflection end. This phenomenon can also be seen in closed bodies of water when the disturbance flows in one direction before returning to its original position. This compression wave is constantly moving down the spring. Resonance occurs if the applied load is variable and the space between the load applications is the same as the time it takes for the wave to move from one end to the other. As a result, the coils are subjected to extremely high strains and large deformations. In this case, the spring will almost never fail. This phenomenon is called a surge.

The following techniques can be used to stop the spring surge:

• Equip the central coil with friction dampers to stop wave propagation

• Use springs with high natural frequencies (springs should operate at least 15-20 times less than their basic frequency)

• Change the natural frequency by using a spring whose coil spacing at both ends is different from the middle coil spacing

Spring buckling

According to the experimental results, when the free length (LF) of the spring is greater than four times the mean diameter or middle diameter (D), the spring behaves like a column and may buckle and fail under relatively moderate loads. The following relationship can be used to calculate the critical axial load (Wcr) that causes buckling.

Buckling can be avoided in the following ways:

Make the free length (LF) less than four times the coil diameter (D)

• Choose materials with higher rigidity

• Mount the spring on the center rod or place it in the tube to prevent the spring from bending

• Minimize the gap between the tube wall and the spring while keeping it large enough to accommodate the increase in spring diameter during compression

Compression springs store mechanical energy when they are compressed. These open coil springs are resistant to compression loads. When these springs are subjected to a compressive load, they compress, shorten, and absorb a large amount of potential force. After the stored energy is reduced or the load is eliminated, the spring is forced to return to its original length and shape.

Therefore, the compression spring must be selected considering its intended application, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages.

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