What is a solenoid valve?

A solenoid is an energy source that uses an electromagnetic coil to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. The valve uses a solenoid as its power source and can open and close various devices. Usually, its body is made of plastic, aluminum, brass, or stainless steel. These elements were chosen because they are non-magnetic and work with the fluid or gas they regulate. Coil wire is often made of copper, through which it conducts electricity.

There are several types of solenoid valves, depending on whether they operate directly or indirectly, or somewhere in between. You can get one way, two way and possibly even three way solenoid valves. The number of ports in each valve determines the number of ways in which pressure can flow.

They can operate under AC or direct current, which makes them suitable for many machines. We won't get into the detailed equations, but fluid pressure and line diameter will determine how much power you need to consider the choice of valve model. The smaller the valves, the less force they can operate.

How does the solenoid valve work?

A basic solenoid valve consists of several parts: coil clamp, solenoid, core as magnetic source, core tube, valve cover, seal, washer, diaphragm, disc and body. As you can see, this is a complex, tiny device.

The valve draws energy from the solenoid's magnetic core and coil. Inside the solenoid, the magnet creates a magnetic field between its positive and negative terminals, and the piston of the valve moves from the repulsion of either pole. This movement allows the valve to open or close, affecting the seal in various ways. The valve can also be kept open or closed without power, which really saves energy costs.

If the valve has multiple ports, movement occurs when the ports are opened and connected. Direct solenoid valve with electromagnetic and repulsive force, directly open and close. In pilot valves, the solenoid guides the plunger to open a small opening, and this pressure allows the valve to open. Both require a stable source of energy, otherwise the solenoid valve will close.

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