Sherwin penetrant is a simple and low-cost method for detecting destructive surface defects such as cracks, laps, and pores. To detect, the defect must reach the surface to be measured. Penetration testing is a step in visual inspection that has many advantages, such as speed, large area coverage, and cheapness.

Penetrants are typically a six-stage process:

a) Surface cleaning (degreasing, etc.)

b) Application of penetrants (impregnation, spray, brush)

c) Remove excess penetrant (solvent, water)

d) Application of developer

e) Check the test surface (visual, TV camera)

f) Clean after testing (anti-corrosion solution)

Infiltration processes are mainly divided into three categories:

a) Water solubility

b) Rinse with water and emulsify

c) The solvent can be removed, the difference being the method used to remove excess penetrant

In each of these three groups, the osmotic solution may contain a dye to make the indication visible under white light, or a fluorescent material that fluoresces under a suitable ultraviolet (UV-A) light.

The choice of technology for any particular application is based on:

a) Surface finish of the sample

b) Compatibility of material with sample

c) Required sensitivity

d) Size, shape and accessibility of the area to be inspected

e) End use of components

Fluorescent penetrants are usually used when maximum defect sensitivity is required.

The principle of liquid penetrant detection is that the liquid penetrant is sucked into the broken surface crack through capillary action, and then the excess surface penetrant is removed. A developer (usually a dry powder) is then applied to the surface to draw out the penetrant in the crack and produce a surface indication. Cracks as narrow as 150 nanometers can be detected. The resulting signs are more extensive than the actual defect and therefore easier to see.

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