Believe it or not, one of the most common mistakes when operating a pump is reversal. This can happen if the pump uses a reversible motor that can run forward or backward. Essentially, the pump that is supposed to run clockwise runs counterclockwise (and vice versa). In layman's terms, it's running backwards.

What are the risks of reverse rotation?

If your pump is improperly wired, flow can be reduced by up to 70%. The impeller may get stuck or unthreaded. If rotated backwards, the impeller and cap nut can rotate within a few seconds, damaging components of the pump, such as bearings or seals. If undetected, this can completely destroy your centrifugal pump.

So how does reverse rotation happen and how can I prevent it?

The shape of the impeller and the design of the pump body can determine the path of liquid flow. If the impeller is reversed, the liquid is still discharged from the pump. This is due to centrifugal force moving the fluid in the normal direction. In short, the flow does not reverse, so it is difficult to detect a reversal. The risk of reverse rotation is higher when installing a new pump system or replacing parts. For safety reasons, it is best to check the rotation direction of the impeller before starting pumping. If the pump is uncoupled, this can be done with a simple test in which you turn the pump's power on momentarily to check the direction of rotation. This is called a "crash test."

A pump that can be turned forward or reversed, showing the correct direction of rotation on the pump body, usually found on the housing, bearing frame, or motor. Before performing a crash test, first check that the rotation label shows the direction in which the pump should run. Second, connect the three wires to the motor. Now, check that the shaft turns clockwise when you impact the power supply. If it spins counterclockwise, you need to try a different approach. Switch two of the three wires. Then you can try the test again.

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