Depending on the application and industry, hydraulic cylinders can be called hydraulic actuators or hydraulic pistons.

Hydraulic actuator

Pneumatic actuators are commonly used in control processes that require accurate and fast responses. This is because the pneumatic actuator does not require much power.

In situations where a large amount of force is required to operate valves, such as those in mainstream systems, hydraulic actuators are preferred. Hydraulic actuators come in a variety of different orientations, but the most common is the piston type.

These hydraulic cylinders can come in different sizes and have unique uses depending on the size, such as:

Small hydraulic cylinder

The small hydraulic cylinder has stable structure, easy operation and long service life. They are commonly used in fast motion applications as well as devices with complex and small components.

Stainless steel hydraulic cylinder

Stainless steel hydraulic cylinders are often used in applications where corrosion resistance is a priority. The vast majority of other hydraulic cylinders are made of alloy steel combinations, such as 1045 and 1018. However, they are prone to oxidation and rust when used in wet or humid environments. Carbon steel cylinders are still prone to dents, surface wear, or more irritating chemicals, even though they may be painted with epoxy. As a result, this wears down the paint and corrodes the carbon steel. Therefore, in this case, stainless steel hydraulic cylinders are preferred, for example in Marine environments both onshore and offshore. These can be used for offshore cranes, davits or ship lifts.

Type of hydraulic cylinder

Hydraulic cylinders have single or double acting two kinds. If only one chamber is pressurized by hydraulic fluid, it is a single action, otherwise it is a double action.

Single acting hydraulic cylinder

In a single acting cylinder, there is a chamber to receive pressurized hydraulic fluid. Which side depends on the intended use of the cylinder. If it is used for pushing motion, the chamber opposite the cylinder rod will be pressurized. The other chamber is usually fitted with a spring to accommodate retraction. If the chamber with the cylinder rod is pressurized, it will be pulling motion. The opposite chamber will also be fitted with springs to accommodate the protrusion.

Advantages of single acting cylinder

• Simple design and manufacture, convenient installation

• Low initial purchase cost

• Single port (input) and small housing

• Reduce valve and piping costs

Single acting defect

• The thrust generated by the cylinder is reduced due to the spring providing the opposite force

• When the spring wears out, the cylinder travel becomes inconsistent.

• Double acting hydraulic cylinder

In a double-acting cylinder, both chambers can be pressurized. In these two chambers, the chamber housing the piston rod has a small contact surface with the hydraulic fluid, because we cannot consider that the surface area of the piston is already occupied by the piston rod. This difference in surface area requires less pressure to retract than the other. Therefore, pressure control and direction control are important in this setup of the hydraulic system.

Advantages of double acting cylinders

• Given that pressurized air moves in both directions, it has a lot of control over movement

• Faster, stronger and using less energy

• It offers a wide range of stroke and aperture design options

• It provides force in all directions, i.e. push-pull motion

Double acting defect

• More expensive than a single cylinder

• Due to the need for couplings, they require a larger housing if used, for example, as a feed cylinder.

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